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O auxílio doença parental é uma modalidade do auxílio doença, nela busca-se proteger o segurado do risco social “Incapacidade”. Esse benefício se assemelha à licença por motivo de doença em pessoa da família prevista para os servidores públicos federais e é destinado ao segurado do INSS que esteja incapaz de exercer suas atividades profissionais, por mais de 15 dias, por ser ele, o único responsável pelos cuidados de um parente próximo que esteja seriamente doente. As condições psicológicas/mentais do segurado estão abaladas, de tal forma, que ele não consegue exercer, satisfatoriamente, suas atividades laborais, percebendo-se num contexto onde é a única pessoa possível para amparar e cuidar de um parente que carece, indiscutivelmente, de cuidados de terceiros, em razão da gravidade do seu problema.
Alguns requisitos precisam ser observados para a concessão deste benefício, tais como: o segurado precisa estar desenvolvendo alguma atividade profissional; o parente próximo deve estar incapaz de exercer sua capacidade profissional e/ou social; deve-se requerer perícia para o segurado e para o parente, inclusive, perícia social, para que sejam verificadas as condições financeiras e econômicas da família, no sentido de não haver outra possibilidade de cuidados para com esse parente e nem como contratar um cuidador, uma babá, dentre outros, que não seja o próprio segurado. Ou seja, o parente deve ser totalmente dependente dos seus cuidados.
Apesar de não haver previsão legal para o auxílio parental no INSS, a Justiça e a própria Autarquia vêm entendendo que existem outros valores envolvidos, em tema tão delicado, e que o Direito precisa acompanhar as mudanças culturais e de reestruturação de papéis sociais, que exigem de homens e mulheres o compromisso de trabalharem para manter seus lares, independente de gênero. Nessa senda, Princípios Constitucionais e Direitos Fundamentais se destacam e formam os fundamentos para que esse tipo de benefício seja concedido.
À propósito, o Juiz Federal, Guilherme Maines Caon, no processo nº 5000540-33.2019.4.04.7118 /RS, trouxe os fundamentos da sentença, apontando um projeto de lei que objetiva incluir a doença em pessoa da família no rol dos riscos sociais cobertos pela Previdência, já aprovado no Senado Federal. “Por certo que se trata de simples projeto de lei sem nenhuma eficácia normativa, mas reflete um evidente anseio social, que pode ser levado em consideração quando da aplicação de conceitos jurídicos abstratos pelo juiz”.
Vale a pena conferir algumas decisões emblemáticas, que mostram como o Direito atua em favor dos incapazes, assegurando-lhes a dignidade e o trabalho: Processo nº 0035280-22.2018.4.01.3400, da 26ª Vara dos Juizados Especiais Federais do Distrito Federal; Processo nº 5000540-33.2019.4.04.7118, da 2ª Vara dos Juizados Especiais Federais do Rio Grande do Sul.
Por ser um assunto delicado, sem previsão legal e de tese ainda em construção, faz-se necessária a intervenção de um advogado de sua confiança para uma consultoria e possível encaminhamento, se for o caso.
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